航天飞机最优空间机动轨道

本文对最优空间机动轨道现有的主要研究成果、研究的基本方法及有关结果作了综合评述,并指出有待解决的问题及研究方向。     

三轴仿真转台的外框结构有限元--优化设计

建立了某三轴仿真转台的外框的结构分析模型和结构优化设计模型,利用基于性态模型的拟牛顿法对其进行了优化设计,得出了在一阶固有频率和静态变形约束下的最优方案。     

气动力矩和重力梯度矩实现微小卫星三轴姿态控制

提出运用低轨道两个主要环境力矩 (重力梯度矩和气动力矩 )实现微小卫星三轴姿态被动控制方案。重力梯度矩提供俯仰和滚转恢复力矩 ,气动力矩提供偏航和俯仰恢复力矩 ;通过姿态稳定性分析和姿控过程动态仿真 ,结果表明此卫星具有结构简单、姿态稳定精度高的优点。     

Hierarchical global search for fuel-optimal impulsive transfers between lunar libration orbits

The attention to the periodic orbit in the Earth-Moon restricted three-body system continues to grow due to its special environment and locations. This research investigates the feasibility of constructing fuel-optimal single and multiple impulse transfers between unstable periodic orbits at L₁ and L₂ points. Invariant manifolds, which could provide the appropriate initial trajectories for optimization, are analyzed deeply to enable previously unknown orbit options and potentially to reduce mission cost. A global search strategy based on comparing the orbital state of the unstable and stable manifolds, incorporated with low-thrust techniques, is performed to seek a suitable matching point for maneuver application. Then the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is adopted to further optimize the velocity increment and obtain the single/multiple impulse optimal transfers. The associated constraint gradients are derived to achieve higher accuracy and rapidity of the algorithm. To highlight the effectivity of the transfer scheme, three-dimensional low-energy transfers between different types and spatial regions of performing single and multiple impulses are explored. The total Delta-V required varies between a few meters per second and tens of meters per second, and the related flight time is about several weeks, mainly depending on the energy of periodic orbits and the invariant manifold structure. The results obtained in this paper can provide a useful reference for the selection of escape and capture site along the manifolds, maneuver magnitude and transfer time.     

低雷诺数下双元素翼帆的襟翼几何参数对其推进特性影响研究

为了研究大型船舶在航行中翼帆对其推进性能的影响规律,本文建立了一种双元素翼帆模型,并采用雷诺平均N-S方程在定常和非定常工况下对襟翼几何参数变化的模型进行数值仿真。结果表明,双元素翼帆气动特性的改变体现了襟翼旋转轴位置、襟翼偏转角以及缝隙宽度之间的非线性耦合作用。襟翼旋转轴位置的前移实际上是增大了缝隙宽度,进而增加了流过缝隙的流体,避免了主翼尾流的流动分离。然而,襟翼旋转轴位置的前移距离也受到襟翼偏转角的限制,在襟翼偏转角为25°、攻角为6°,当襟翼旋转轴位置由90%前移到85%时,襟翼吸力面发生了大尺度流动分离。襟翼旋转轴位置不宜过于靠前或靠后,当相对缝隙宽度为2.4%时襟翼旋转轴位置为85%较为合理。     

太阳帆绕地球周期轨道研究

  地球同步和太阳同步卫星在各个领域有着广泛的应用。静止轨道是一种特殊的地球同步轨道,轨道资源有限。利用化学推进或电推进可以实现轨道高度不同的同步轨道,如悬挂轨道,但需要消耗较多的燃料,工程上无法承受。本文考虑利用太阳帆实现地球同步和太阳同步轨道。太阳光压力在轨道平面内沿拱线方向,选择光压力与平面的夹角使得轨道平面的旋转速率与太阳光同步。研究表明,设计合适的半长轴和偏心率可以使得轨道旋转速率与地球自转速率一致。假设太阳光与赤道平面平行,可以得到准静止轨道,太阳帆将在传统静止轨道的附近运动,星下点的经度将在一个固定值附近振动。实际上太阳光是与黄道面平行,黄道面与赤道面之间存在夹角。考虑黄赤交角的情况下,太阳帆将在一定纬度和经度范围内运动。适合于对某个区域进行长期观测任务。     

一种X频段双圆极化器的设计

介绍了一种X频段双圆极化器的设计。设计实例采用方波导和圆波导两种形式,具有结构紧凑、功率容量大、极化轴比小、频带宽和适于星载使用等特点。仿真结果表明：设计出的双圆极化器,隔离度大于29dB,电压驻波比小于1.2,轴比小于0.5dB。该极化器的设计方法可应用于星载X频段双圆极化数传天线的设计。     

复合材料机翼刚心轴线影响因素分析

采用有限元分析方法,确定复合材料机翼中刚心轴线的位置。建立一系列的复合材料机翼有限元模型,对影响刚心轴线位置的因素进行具体分析。结果表明,质量分布、展弦比和后掠角的变化对机翼刚心轴线位置有较大的影响,前后梁的位置、铺层形式、铺层比例和铺层顺序的变化对机翼刚心轴线位置的影响相对较小。本研究为复合材料机翼的设计提供一定的参考。     

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

依据振动加速度信号绘制航空发动机转子轴心轨迹的方法

在飞机发动机的故障监测及诊断中,轴心轨迹是时域分析的重要内容之一,它可以直观地反映转子瞬时运动状态。但对于振动数据是振动加速度值而非位移数据的情况,由测得振动加速度数据求轴心轨迹,就要先对其进行两次积分得到位移数据。基于最小二乘法的积分波形修正算法,提出对振动加速度数据进行动态递推拟合去除趋势项,得到转子轴心轨迹,这为状态监测及诊断提供了依据。